Introduction

Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from the complexities of diabetes and its complications. Among these complications, diabetic foot stands out as a significant concern, leading to profound disability and, in extreme cases, necessitating amputation. Understanding why they occur, managing them effectively, and taking preventive measures are important steps in diabetic care.

This blog highlighted diabetic foot wounds – associated risk factors, symptoms and prevention care.

Who encounters Diabetic foot wounds?

A foot wound in a diabetic person refers to any injury or break in the skin on the foot. This can include cuts, blisters, or abrasions. Foot wounds can occur due to various reasons, such as poor circulation, and nerve damage (neuropathy).

Why do diabetic people encounter foot wounds? This is one of the most commonly asked questions among diabetic people.

This is because diabetes can lead to nerve damage and poor blood circulation in the feet, making them more vulnerable to injuries and slower to heal. Therefore, those with diabetes need to take extra care of their feet to prevent wounds and complications.

If left unattended, diabetic foot wounds can progress into foot ulcers, commonly known as diabetic foot sores. How can you recognize a diabetic foot sore?

Initially, it may resemble a blister or burn. Approximately 20-25% of individuals with diabetes will experience a foot ulcer at some stage in their lives.

Other causes

• Increase in blood sugar level - In individuals with diabetes, elevated blood sugar levels can lead to the deterioration of blood vessels and nerves located in the feet, resulting in diminished blood circulation and sensation. This raises the risk of foot problems. Untreated injuries and infections have the potential to deteriorate rapidly if not promptly addressed. Thus, diligent monitoring and timely treatment are essential.
• Infections - People with diabetes have a higher risk of infections. Even a minor foot injury like a cut or blister can become a serious infection if left untreated. Poor blood flow and nerve damage make these infections more likely. This increases the risk of tissue damage and other complications. Reach out to the leading diabetes hospital in Coimbatore to know more about the condition.

Symptoms

• Discoloration in skin
• Foot or ankle swelling
• Inflammation that takes much time to heal
• Leg pain
• Healing could take more time
• Ingrown toenails or fungal infections in toenails
• Presence of corns or calluses
• Dry cracks, especially around the heel
• Persistent or unusual foot odour

Wound care

• To care for your feet, keep them clean, dry, and moisturized. Wash your feet daily without soaking them. Dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes, and apply moisturizing cream.
• Opt for closed-toe footwear with a spacious toe box to avoid rubbing that can lead to sores or worsening wounds. Poorly fitting shoes often contribute to foot pain
• Alwayskeep your feet covered and avoid going barefoot, even indoors. This provides a barrier against sharp objects, uneven surfaces, and other sources of injury. Even minor cuts can change into serious wounds due to compromised healing ability.
• Opt forwhite socks made of cotton.Ensure they don't have tight bands or thick seams that could irritate or rub against your skin.
• Trim toenailsstraight across and file down any sharp edges afterwards.

Lifestyle modifications

Consulting with a dietitian experienced in crafting healthy, nutritious, and flavorful meals for diabetics is strongly advised for diabetic foot care. Meals should be rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while avoiding foods high in calories and saturated fats.

In addition to dietary adjustments, bring physical exercise into daily routines. Physical activity can enhance circulation, potentially increasing oxygenation and nutrient delivery to wound sites. Weight loss may also improve glycemic control in individuals with obesity-related diabetes.

Conclusion

Diabetic foot treatment involves proper education to keep them in check. These wounds happen due to nerve damage, poor blood flow, and foot problems, raising the risk of serious issues like infections and amputations. Regular foot care—like checking your feet every day, wearing the right shoes, and seeing your healthcare provider—is key to preventing problems. Also, managing your blood sugar levels through healthy eating, exercise, and medication helps lower the chances of foot wounds. By staying aware, taking action early, and getting support from your healthcare team, you can keep diabetic foot issues at bay and enjoy better health.